Description

Growing Tips for Sunflowers:

Sunflowers are best grown from seeds planted directly in the garden after the last frost.

• Sow seeds in average soil under full sun once all risk of frost has passed.
• Choose a well-drained site as sunflowers face the sun; ensure they have an open area in the garden. Taller varieties should be planted at the north end to avoid shading other plants.
• Prepare the soil by removing weeds and incorporating organic matter into the top 6-8 inches, then level it.
• Most plants benefit from organic matter like compost, which enriches soil with nutrients and maintains ideal pH levels. If compost isn’t available, apply 1-2 inches of organic mulch after planting to improve soil quality. Conduct a soil test after the growing season to determine necessary amendments for the next year.
• Plant seeds ½ inch deep in groups of 2-3 seeds spaced 18-24 inches apart, depending on the variety.
• Lightly firm the soil, water thoroughly, and keep it consistently moist.
• Seedlings typically emerge within 7-10 days. Thin them to one plant per group once they develop two sets of leaves.
• Control weeds throughout the growing season to prevent competition for water, space, and nutrients. Cultivate regularly or use mulch to suppress weed growth.
• Mulching helps retain soil moisture and regulates soil temperature. Use shredded leaves for an organic look that also enhances soil as it decomposes. Ensure mulch doesn’t touch plant stems to prevent rot.
• Maintain even soil moisture; while sunflowers can tolerate drought once established, avoid overwatering.
• Fertilization is unnecessary unless soil quality is poor; avoid excessive fertilization.
• Monitor for pests and diseases; consult your local Cooperative Extension Service for region-specific pest control recommendations.
• Some varieties produce a single bloom; remove plants after blooming to prevent disease the following year.
• Edible sunflowers mature in about 3 months post-sowing. Harvest seeds by cutting heads after stalks dry but before fall or winter rains. Check for maturity by observing the florets and color change in the flower heads. Hang heads in a warm, dry, ventilated area to allow seeds to fully ripen and dry; protect with cheesecloth, netting, or a paper bag with ventilation holes to collect seeds.
• Shorter varieties can be grown in containers using commercial potting mix.
• Pollenless varieties are excellent for cut flower arrangements.